Protestantism And Modernity Essay

Protestantism And Modernity Essay Protestantism And Modernity Essay Protestantism And Modernity Evangelical Pietism (conservative) Out of 17th century – lutherism Creeds and formal religion Feelings over rational thinking Changing human life – not examining it Sensing a purpose rather than analyzing it Experiencing the divine Spread out on international scale Francke and Spener in Holland Wesley in England Count Zinzendorf & Moravians in Bohemia Jonathon Edwards and American revivalists Absolute dependence on God The Oxford Movement (conservative) John Henry Newman (1801-90) Via Media Appeals to tradition Return to Anglican Book of Common Prayer Argues for the Apostolic succession & sacraments Conversions to Catholicism! The Biblical Movement (liberal) New Methods of Biblical Scholarship Linguistic, archaeological, historical Lower Criticism vs. higher criticism Threat to biblical faith? Julius Wellhausen (1844-1918) The Documentary Hypothesis OT Biblical scholarship – persuasive Liberal theologians – rethinking NT scholarship Gospels – contradictions? (John’s Gospel) Liberal foundational Scientific method Optimistic for Christianity’s future New forms of Christianity – Jesus of faith Fundamentalism and biblical inerrancy Social Concern (liberal) Industrial Revolution Renaissance Medieval monasticism â€Å"Reformers and Pietists† Dedication to God – everywhere ‘Holiness’ (Law & Wesley) for everyone Protestantism – openness to the world characteristic World is good – resources are good Common ideal – wealth shared Modernity and the industrial revolution nixed it! Catholics and Protestants: Defend the status quo or effect social change Christian values of social justice and conscience William Booth (1829-1912) – the Salvation Army Social Gospel – restructure society Major contributor to Christian diversity New period of Western Christianity Significant Individualization and interiorization â€Å"A walk, not a talk† Transnational and transconfessional Philipp Jacob Spener (1635-1705) and August Hermann Franke (1663-1727) Piety – prayer & Bible over dogma Called people: Life-changing spiritual awakening Separate from established churches Brethren Churches (Alexander Mack 1679-1735) State churches of Germany Organized a new denomination Persecutions American in 1729 The Moravians (Zinzendorf 1700-1760) Pietist tradition â€Å"Whoever has God in his head is an atheist.† New forms – worship and devotion Pluralism Methodists (John Wesley 1703-1791) Anglican Oxford University â€Å"Strangely warmed† Moravians America Sermons: Introduced rationalism Moral discourse Justification by faith through sanctification Holy Spirit Holiness and Pentecostal movements Christian perfection 3rd religious awakening in England French Revolution, Industrial Revolution and Methodism Methodism – England Pietism – Lutheranism Served the lower classes Liquor; slavery and war Free medicine Education Puritanism In America Influential Minority Elizabethan settlement [X] Response to religious divisions 1559 Acts of Supremacy and Uniformity Anglicanism [X] Simpler Church ritual – Calvinistic â€Å"Pure† form of early Church Forced to America Congregationalists Anti-episcopal Americas (Plymouth Rock) Biblicists – covenant theology God’s law – enforced by magistrates Moral purity Convincing conversion Practices and beliefs Sermon – hours, singing Theology – new Jerusalem (America) Role in final drama of world history Theocratic democracy Zealous Nationalism Covenant conformity Natives – convert or subdue Pequot natives Massacred Captain John Underhill Millennial Theocracy in New England â€Å"Save the world† Dualistic worldview – Book of Revelation (NT) Redemptive